Raspberry Pi home server
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About this page.
This page contains explanation of *most* of the things i did to make all the different parts live nicely together on my Raspberri Pi... It is a bit complicated, and i tend to forget to document stuff, when I run into a problem i cannot easily defeat ;-)
Links to projects i have used:
https://www.pestmeester.nl/ is the base inspiration for my Home Server. https://github.com/pi-hole/ provides super easy installation of an AdBlocking Domain Name Server functionality. https://github.com/pivpn/ provides super easy installation and administration of OpenVPN Server funnctionality.
Hardware
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B 4 Gb MicroSD card. USB Harddrive, 500 Gb SSHD Raspberry Pi Camera Board v2.
Basic installation
Download and write Raspian Lite to the MicroSD card
Raspi-config
Go thrugh all the menu points of the Rapsberry Pi SOftware Configuration Tool, and change the basic configuration to fit the needs of this Home Server.
Hardening + SSH
Follow the guide: Hardened SSH daemon using the 'sudo' command when root powah is required.
Add USB HD
I configured /dev/sdb1 to be mounted on /data, not the strange UUID..
Nginx, PHP7, MySQL
First the 'easy' stuff. Answer all install questions wisely!
sudo apt-get install nginx php-apc mysql-server
Then, because PHP 7 is not available in jessie repo I get it from the stretch repo:
# Add the GPG keys needed to use the stretch repository sudo gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key 8B48AD6246925553 sudo gpg -a --export 8B48AD6246925553 | sudo apt-key add - sudo gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key 7638D0442B90D010 sudo gpg -a --export 7638D0442B90D010 | sudo apt-key add - # Add the stretch repo as a source for apt sudo echo "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian-stretch.list # Update the local apt index so the stretch repo is present sudo apt-get -y update # Install the needed PHP7 packages sudo apt-get -y install -y php7.0-fpm php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-cli php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-mysql php7.0-mbstring php7.0-zip php7.0-xml php7.0-common php7.0-json php7.0-dev -t stretch # Remove the stretcg repo as a source sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian-stretch.list # Lastly I update the local apt source lists so stretch repo is removed. sudo apt-get -y update
Then continue the pestmeester guide but change the nginx configuration (/etc/nginx/sites-available/[your_configuration_file_name]) so it utilizes PHP7 and not the missing PHP5 ;-) Here you see what i use:
## Begin - PHP
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
}
## End - PHP
LetsEncrypt
This is my /etc/nginx/sites-available/[your_configuration_file_name] that force all clients to use HTTPS, and PHP7 :
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name install.pulspc.dk;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
#
server {
listen 443 ssl default_server;
listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
server_name install.pulspc.dk;
#
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/install.pulspc.dk/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/install.pulspc.dk/privkey.pem;
#
root /data/websites/rpiii/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
#
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /data/websites/rpiii/html;
}
#
# Error & Access logs
error_log /data/websites/rpiii/logs/error.log error;
access_log /data/websites/rpiii/logs/access.log;
#
location / {
index index.html index.php;
}
#
location ~ /.well-known {
allow all;
}
## Begin - PHP
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
}
## End - PHP
}
PHPMyAdmin
This requires php7.0-mbstring wich was installed earlier from the stretch repo :-)
OwnCloud
Make sure to check for / download the latest version. Find the information here.
Remember to config for PHP7
sudo vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
Opencloud requires the PHP modules zip dom XMLWriter XMLReader libxml SimpleXML. These were installed above as php7.0-zip php7.0-xml.
Install APCu
sudo pecl install apcu
Answer [no] to the question about enabling internat debugging.
Add
[apcu] extension=/usr/lib/php/20151012/apcu.so apc.enabled=1 apc.enable_cli=1
to the two php.ini files
sudo vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
sudo vi /etc/php/7.0/cli/php.ini
--
nginx config is now adapted to serve OwnCloud from the subfolder /owncloud
upstream php-handler {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
}
#
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name install.pulspc.dk;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
#
server {
listen 443 ssl default_server;
listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
server_name install.pulspc.dk;
#
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/install.pulspc.dk/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/install.pulspc.dk/privkey.pem;
#
root /data/websites/rpiii/html;
index index.php index.html index.hmt;
#
# Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
gzip off;
#
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /data/websites/rpiii/html;
}
#
# Error & Access logs
error_log /data/websites/rpiii/logs/error.log error;
access_log /data/websites/rpiii/logs/access.log;
#
location / {
index index.php index.html index.hmt;
}
#
location ~ /.well-known {
allow all;
}
#
## Begin - PHP
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; #Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
}
## End - PHP
#
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this topic first.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
#
location ^~ /owncloud {
#
# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 12G;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
#
# Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
gzip off;
#
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
#
error_page 403 /owncloud/core/templates/403.php;
error_page 404 /owncloud/core/templates/404.php;
#
location /owncloud {
rewrite ^ /owncloud/index.php$uri;
}
#
location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
return 404;
}
location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
return 404;
}
#
location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; #Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
}
#
location ~ ^/owncloud/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
#
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
try_files $uri /owncloud/index.php$uri$is_args$args;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this topic first.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
#
location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
try_files $uri /owncloud/index.php$uri$is_args$args;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
}
Pi-Hole DNS
This must be installed using the option to NOT install the normally included webinterface, because that will require lighttpd, wich is not compatible with OwnCloud ;-)
Execute the command:
curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash
All Pi-Hole administration must consequentially be done using terminal commands.
::: Control all PiHole specific functions! ::: ::: Usage: pihole [options] ::: Add -h after -w (whitelist), -b (blacklist), -c (chronometer), or -a (admin) for more information on usage ::: ::: Options: ::: -w, whitelist Whitelist domain(s) ::: -b, blacklist Blacklist domain(s) (exact match) ::: -wild, wildcard Blacklist whole domain(s) (wildcard) ::: -d, debug Start a debugging session ::: Automated debugging can be enabled with . ::: 'pihole -d -a' ::: -f, flush Flush the 'pihole.log' file ::: -t, tail Output the last lines of the 'pihole.log' file. Lines are appended as the file grows ::: -up, updatePihole Update Pi-hole components ::: -r, reconfigure Reconfigure or Repair Pi-hole ::: -g, updateGravity Update the list of ad-serving domains ::: -c, chronometer Calculates stats and displays to an LCD ::: -h, help Show this help dialog ::: -v, version Show installed versions of Pi-Hole and Web-Admin ::: -q, query Query the adlists for a specific domain ::: 'pihole -q domain -exact' shows exact matches only ::: -l, logging Enable or Disable logging (pass 'on' or 'off') ::: -a, admin Admin webpage options ::: uninstall Uninstall Pi-Hole from your system :(! ::: status Is Pi-Hole Enabled or Disabled ::: enable Enable Pi-Hole DNS Blocking ::: disable Disable Pi-Hole DNS Blocking ::: Blocking can also be disabled only temporarily, e.g., ::: 'pihole disable 5m' - will disable blocking for 5 minutes ::: restartdns Restart dnsmasq ::: checkout Check out different branches
PiVPN server
Execute the command:
curl -L https://install.pivpn.io | bash
to install the PiVPN server.
Be sure to enable automatic security updates when asked about it!
'pivpn help' :
::: Control all PiVPN specific functions! ::: ::: Usage: pivpn <command> [option] ::: ::: Commands: ::: -a, add [nopass] Create a client ovpn profile, optional nopass ::: -c, clients List any connected clients to the server ::: -d, debug Start a debugging session if having trouble ::: -l, list List all valid and revoked certificates ::: -r, revoke Revoke a client ovpn profile ::: -h, help Show this help dialog ::: -u, uninstall Uninstall PiVPN from your system!
WebCam, Htaccess password protected
https://github.com/Motion-Project/motion/wiki
https://github.com/ccrisan/motioneye/wiki
Public accesible webpage.
...Need to find a purpose for this page tho'